Herpes simplex virus types -1 and -2 (HSV-2 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are human pathogenic viruses from the Herpesviridae family that occur worldwide. The closely related human pathogenic virus species HSV-1 and HSV-2 from the herpesviridae family are the causative agents of different diseases. The infections can be asymptomatic, mild, or severe. The most common manifestations are herpes labialis (lip herpes) and herpes genitalis, also rarely herpes encephalitis or herpes neonatorum in severe cases. In primary infections the virus penetrates the mucosal cells, multiplies and is released in ulcers or inflammatory skin blisters. Infections persist lifelong, alternating between asymptomatic phases and acute infectious outbreaks. Primary VZV infections manifest as varicella (chickenpox). They are transmitted via virus-containing blister fluid, conjunctival liquid and saliva and are a very infectious children’s disease. After first manifestation the virus establishes latency in sensory nerve cells and can subsequently reactivate to cause herpes zoster (shingles) as second manifestation. Typical symptoms are painful and/or itching dermatomal exanthema, pains and sensory disorders. Asymptomatic courses have also been described. In severe cases, complications such as pneumonia, hepatitis or post-zoster neuralgia can occur.